{"id":759,"date":"2016-11-25T11:50:53","date_gmt":"2016-11-25T11:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/natgeokids.com?p=759"},"modified":"2017-10-04T12:28:39","modified_gmt":"2017-10-04T12:28:39","slug":"ng-kids-heads-to-the-galapagos-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.natgeokids.com\/uk\/discover\/geography\/countries\/ng-kids-heads-to-the-galapagos-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"NG KiDS Heads to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giant tortoises, underwater lizards and birds with blue feet! NG KiDS heads across the Pacific Ocean to meet the amazing creatures of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

Cruising along in our panga (a motorised dinghy), we scour the Pacific Ocean, looking for life. To our right, way in the distance, we glimpse the dorsal fin of a 15-m-long Bryde\u2019s whale<\/strong>, while only metres away a pelican<\/strong> dives spectacularly into the sea to catch a fish. An inquisitive sea lion pops its head out of the water to size us up, then darts playfully back into the ocean, vanishing from sight. Our panguero (driver) cuts the engine and we drift slowly to shore. Carefully climbing off the boat, we set foot on a barren shingle beach. Bright red and yellow Sally Lightfoot<\/strong> crabs scuttle off in every direction.<\/p>\n

\u201cLook over there!\u201d says our guide, naturalist Carlos King<\/strong>, pointing towards a huge mass of dark grey rock a couple of metres away. \u201cWhat can you see?\u201d Just rock, it would seem, ancient lava, covered with streaks of white. \u201cLook more closely,\u201d Carlos insists. Suddenly, the \u2018rock\u2019 twitches, then begins to crawl. In a flash, our eyes focus and we spot limbs, claws, tails and heads\u2026 hundreds of heads.<\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cMarine iguanas<\/strong>,\u201d Carlos whispers, as one of the prehistoric-looking reptiles turns, stares at us and sneezes. An explosion of white salty snot splats on the ground near our feet. The lizard returns its attention to the mass of black and dark-grey bodies surrounding it, huddles up, closes its eyes and nods off.<\/p>\n

Welcome to the mysterious Gal\u00e1pagos Islands<\/strong>, home to weird and wonderful creatures, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth\u2026<\/p>\n


\nExplosive Past!<\/span><\/h2>\n

The Gal\u00e1pagos Islands<\/strong> are a group of 19 islands and more than 100 islets and rocks in the Pacific Ocean<\/strong>, about 1,000km off the coast of Ecuador<\/strong> in South America. The oldest island, Espa\u00f1ola<\/strong>, was formed three to five million years ago, when molten rock called \u2018magma\u2019 burst through the sea bed, gradually forming a volcano that rose out of the sea.<\/p>\n

Over the years, Espa\u00f1ola moved slowly along the Nazca tectonic<\/strong> plate<\/strong> and new islands formed on the hot spot<\/strong> where it had originally appeared. The Gal\u00e1pagos Islands are still moving today, about 6cm to the south-east every year – it\u2019s as if they\u2019re on a geological conveyor belt. The youngest island on the hot spot, Fernandina<\/strong>, is a mere 700,000 years old.<\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

Its volcano last erupted in 2009. But in a million years time, Fernandina will itself have moved 60km southeast and new islands will have formed.<\/p>\n

The Gal\u00e1pagos Islands lie on the Equator<\/strong> and are surrounded by different ocean currents<\/strong> \u2013 some warm, some cold. It\u2019s this mix of currents that make the islands\u2019 climate and their biodiversity<\/strong> (variety of species) so unique. Both cold-water and tropical creatures survive here.<\/p>\n


\nOcean Voyage!<\/span><\/h2>\n

Most of the animals and plants living on the Gal\u00e1pagos archipelago (group of islands) are descended from those that travelled the 1,000km from the continent of South America<\/strong> millions of years ago. Insects, birds and plants arrived by air \u2013 either flying or drifting in the wind, while animals floated across the ocean on rafts of leaves<\/strong> or branches!<\/p>\n

And with no predators to gobble them up once they\u2019d arrived, the creatures settled into their new home and slowly evolved<\/strong> (changed over time) to cope with life on the islands. The lack of predators made them unafraid of human settlers \u2013 even today, visitors to the Gal\u00e1pagos can get within touching distance of the wildlife, although we\u2019re advised to keep our distance and never disturb them.<\/p>\n


\nMarine Marvels!<\/span><\/h2>\n

Up to 1.5m in length (their size depends on the island they live on), the remarkable reptiles we first saw when we stepped onto Fernandina Island are the only marine lizards on the planet<\/strong>. When the iguanas first arrived from the mainland there was very little for them to eat, so they had to adapt to survive<\/strong> \u2013 and they evolved into brilliant swimmers that eat seaweed<\/strong> and other algae<\/strong> found on rocks underwater.<\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cMarine iguanas are unique to the Gal\u00e1pagos,\u201d says Carlos. \u201cThey can stay underwater for half an hour, diving 30m down<\/strong> to forage for food. But because they\u2019re cold blooded they need to warm up and regain the energy lost while diving, so they have to sunbathe afterwards.\u201d Huddling together to conserve heat, safety in numbers also protects them from predators<\/strong> such as hawks while they\u2019re slumbering in the sun. To get rid of the salt they\u2019ve absorbed from the sea, the incredible reptiles have a simple trick up their sleeve \u2013 sneezing<\/strong>. Yuck!<\/p>\n


\nWild Wonders!<\/span><\/h2>\n

Marine Iguanas<\/strong> aren\u2019t the only incredibly creatures that call the Galapagos home. Let’s meet some more….<\/p>\n


\nGal\u00e1pagos giant tortoise<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

The Gal\u00e1pagos giant tortoise is colossal, weighing up to 250kg \u2013 that\u2019s as heavy as three men \u2013 and its shell is about 1.5m long. It can live for up to 150 years! There are two distinct types of giant tortoise in the archipelago. Those with domed shells<\/strong> (right) live on wetter islands, eating lush vegetation on the ground. Tortoises with saddle-shaped shells<\/strong> (left) that curl up at the front live on drier islands. The curve allows them to stretch their extra-long necks up to eat the leaves of tall plants. \u201cSadly, these wonderful creatures were hunted as food by pirates, whalers and sailors during the 17th-19th centuries, and 150,000 were killed,\u201d says naturalist, Carlos King. Today, just 20\u2013 25,000 remain, up to 5,000 of them in one location \u2013 the slopes of Alcedo Volcano<\/strong> on Isabela Island<\/strong>.<\/p>\n


\nGal\u00e1pagos penguin<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

Cold-loving penguins on the Equator? Yup! The second-smallest penguins in the world<\/strong> are also the only species found this far north. They survive here because of the mix of cool and warm currents that provide food. But these little fellas have still had to adapt to life in the Gal\u00e1pagos\u2019 heat. They pant<\/strong> to keep cool, have really short feathers<\/strong> to avoid overheating, and stick to islands that have chillier water \u2013 95% live on Isabela<\/strong> and Fernandina<\/strong>.<\/p>\n


\nScalloped hammerhead shark<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

The Gal\u00e1pagos\u2019 seas are teeming with amazing creatures, including the bizarre-looking scalloped hammerhead shark. One of 33 shark species<\/strong> living in the Gal\u00e1pagos, this fish can grow up to 4.2m long, its eyes on the outer edge of its hammer-shaped head giving it 360-degree binocular vision<\/strong>! Often seen swimming in schools of over 100 sharks<\/strong>, these amazing fish are most likely to be spotted around the tiny islands of Wolf<\/strong> and Darwin<\/strong>, to the north west of the archipelago.<\/p>\n


\nGal\u00e1pagos sea lion<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

These cute critters love lounging around on sandy beaches, welcoming visitors to the islands with a friendly bark! Relatives of the Californian sea lion<\/strong> (and distant relatives of dogs<\/strong>!), they\u2019re strong swimmers, sometimes travelling 15km<\/strong> out to sea in search of food. Pups stay in cr\u00e8ches<\/strong>, swimming and playing in shallow water until they can start fishing for themselves. And if pesky flies start ruining their afternoon siesta in the sun, they needn\u2019t worry \u2013 hungry lava lizards<\/strong> will dart over and eat them off. Brilliant!<\/p>\n

We couldn\u2019t wait to dive in and splash about with these inquisitive creatures. Hold your breath and join us…!<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.natgeokids.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/galapagos-island-animals-small-.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n


\nBlue-footed booby<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"animals<\/a><\/p>\n

Named after the Spanish word \u2018bobo<\/strong>\u2019, which means \u2018clown<\/strong>\u2019, these birds may look funny, but there\u2019s nothing clownish about their hunting skills. Diving into the sea from 100m above to catch fish, they hit the water at up to 100kmph<\/strong>! They\u2019re noisy creatures, too. Males communicate with whistles<\/strong> and females honk<\/strong>. What a racket! Over half of the world\u2019s blue-footed boobies live on the Gal\u00e1pagos \u2013 the comical birds here are a sub-species of those found on the Pacific coast of South and North America.<\/p>\n


\nDid you know the creatures of the\u00a0<\/strong>Gal\u00e1pagos<\/strong>\u00a0helped change the way people thought about the world?! Find out how in our fab feature Charles Darwin and the Mystery of Life<\/em><\/a>!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Video: \u00a9Vincenzo Chiarello
\nMain tortoise and camouflaged iguanas: \u00a9Tim Herbert
\nAll other images: Getty Images UK<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giant tortoises, underwater lizards and birds with blue feet! NG KiDS heads across the Pacific Ocean to meet the amazing creatures of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands… Cruising along in our panga (a motorised dinghy), we scour the Pacific Ocean, looking for life. To our right, way in the distance, we glimpse the dorsal fin of a … Continue reading NG KiDS Heads to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,43],"tags":[226,744,286,125,641,1038,1039],"christmas-category":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-countries","category-video","tag-animals","tag-ecuador","tag-galapagos-islands","tag-sealife","tag-wildlife","tag-wildlife-of-latin-america","tag-wildlife-of-south-america","countries-australia","countries-ireland","countries-new-zealand","countries-south-africa","countries-united-kingdom"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNG KiDS Heads to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands! - National Geographic Kids<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the creatures of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands with NG KiDS - meet the Gal\u00e1pagos tortoise, Gal\u00e1pagos penguin, Gal\u00e1pagos sea lion and more!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.natgeokids.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NG KiDS Heads to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands! 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